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Woodchuck
- Marmota monax
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Habitat
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Woodchucks
are found throughout eastern North America and in Alaska, the Yukon, Washington, northern Idaho,
and western Montana. They are found in woodlands and pastures and at the edge of forests.
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Ecological
Niche
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The woodchuck eats
mainly green vegetation like clover and alfalfa. Because of the damage it can do to plants and crops,
many farmers consider the woodchuck a pest. Other people find it helpful. Woodchucks fertilize
the ground when they defecate in their burrows. They also aerate the soil as they dig. |
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Life
Cycle
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When it emerges from
hibernation, the male woodchuck seeks out a female and mates in her burrow. A litter of 2-6
young is born a month later. The female produces only one litter each year, unlike most rodents.
The blind and naked newborns depend completely on their mother, who suckles them. Their eyes
open within a month. After two months, they must fend for themselves. |
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Behavior
and physical adaptations
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Woodchucks hibernate from late
September to around late February. They have well developed incisors that grow throughout
their life and can be used for burrowing as well as eating. They can live to be 4-5 years old. |